Wine can help women in middle-age

While it is said an apple a day can keep the doctor away, a new study has suggested a couple of glasses of wine a day for middle-aged women to keep diseases at bay.

A major study, which was launched in 1976, and involved 14,000 female nurses found the women, who took alcohol regularly throughout the week instead of on any single occasion, benefited the most.

The study has shown that by drinking between 15.1 gm and 30gm of alcohol a day - as much as two shots of spirits or nearly three small glasses of wine - women can improve their odds of "successful ageing" by 28 percent, a newspaper reported.
The US scientists behind the study have defined "successful ageing" as living to at least 70, being free of cancer, heart conditions and other chronic diseases, and suffering no significant mental or physical impairment.

Study authors, led by Qi Sun, from the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, found that moderate drinking had "profound" positive effects on the body, reducing inflammation, cholesterol and other harmful processes.

Compared with non-drinkers, women who drank 5.1 to 15 grams of alcohol a day had a 19 percent greater likelihood of successful ageing. Those who drank 15.1 to 30 grams increased their odds by 28 percent, but those who had more reduced the benefits.

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The Cellar: New Zealand’s World-Class Wines

This week we travel to the isolated country of New Zealand and visit some of the world’s southernmost vineyards. While production levels are fairly small, the reputation is anything but. In fact, winemakers in New Zealand are thought to be among the best producers of Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc in the world. For wine purposes, New Zealand is divided into two; the North Island and the South Island. The wine region of Marlborough, located on the northeastern tip of the Southern Island, is without a doubt the most famous wine-producing area. It is responsible for more than half of the country’s total production and more than 85% of New Zealand’s Sauvignon Blanc. Despite being one of the country’s sunniest and driest regions, this area is still considered a ‘cool climate’ region when compared to other wine growing regions around the world.

Tohu (translates into ‘signature’) is New Zealand’s first Maori-owned wine operation. The Maori are strong believers in the spiritual connection between the land and all that is grown on it, and make wine following the mantra that their wines are a gift from the land. The 2009 vintage is sourced from Tohu’s Upton Downs Road Vineyard. This particular site in Marlborough experienced a wet period in late winter of the 2009 growing season, but thankfully a long dry spring ensued, so the grapes were able to reach optimum ripeness while the cool nights helped the wine keep its acidity, crispness and herbaceousness. (The growing seasons are "reversed" as this is the southern hemisphere.)

The result is a delicious Sauvignon Blanc and a great example of the style and value that has made this region’s Sauvignon Blancs famous. It is only around $15 but it brings a lot of flavor and intensity to the table. The aromas are vibrant, the flavors pop in your mouth and they are long lasting. It’s a complex wine with flavors spanning from citrus and tropical fruits, while also displaying blossom, herb and mineral notes – all deliciously balanced with mouthwatering acidity.

Pinot Noir is the most widely planted red grape in New Zealand. When at their best, Pinot Noirs from Marlborough can rival the best in world - even those of Burgundy. The style of Pinot made in New Zealand varies from producer to producer with some focusing on the more fruit-forward style, while others produce wines that are earthier with more pronounced savory flavors. Because of these variations Pinot Noir is said to be among the most versatile food wines available. Depending on the style, Pinot’s can stand up to everything from fish and poultry to other protein-rich meats and even creamy sauces and heavy seasoning.

The 2009 Pinot Noir from Framingham is a blend of several base Pinot Noirs made from grapes harvested from four different sites around Marlborough’s Wairau Valley. The winemakers appear to have been focusing on making a style of Pinot that is a bit more fruit-driven, as this is a soft and approachable wine displaying red fruit and only a touch of the game, herbs and the savory characteristics that Pinot Noir sometimes exhibits. I would go as far as to say that regardless of which style of Pinot you like this wine is sure to please because it has a little bit of everything going for it.

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Wine state of mind

Domestic wines have become key players in changing preferences from hard liquor to wines Sonia Martis can’t believe she’s nursing a bottle of Rose wine that costs Rs 670 without taxes. While this is the approximate cost price for a regular bottle of Indian wine in a local liquor shop, her glee must stem from the fact that she’s sitting at Ivy Grande in Khar, listening to lounge music, while a waiter refills her glass. “Now this is what I call value-for-money,” she professes.

But Indian-origin wines such as Zinfandel, Shiraz and Chardonnay aren’t the only ones that are affordable. The cafe also stocks international labels from Chile, France, Argentina and Australia and one of the priciest bottles will only set you back by Rs 1,800; approximately the same price as the cheapest bottle of wine on a usual restaurant wine menu around town. “Our international wines are bought in bulk. So, we negotiate rates with our suppliers,” says Sanjay Mirani, a partner at Ivy Grande.

With wine attracting more subsidies than hard liquor, its popularity is rising. For casual diners, it’s a staple for an evening out with friends, even on weekdays. It seems to be filling the large gap between soft drinks and hard liquor. What’s more, it isn’t international wines they want to fork out money for; it’s the local produce.

A big reason for this is the wine producers in India aggressively marketing their products, often tying up with restaurants to promote their wine. “In return, the restaurant is offered royalties or benefits like a bottle free for every bottle purchased,” says Moshe Shek, restaurateur and chef at Moshe’s in Mumbai.

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South African wine industry rooted in human misery, says report

There is no question of its flair for producing a world-class chenin blanc, cabernet sauvignon or pinotage at an affordable price. But the provenance of South Africa's wines is altogether less savoury, an investigation by human rights monitors has revealed.

Workers on the country's wine and fruit farms lead "dismal, dangerous lives," according to Human Rights Watch (HRW), which found on-site housing unfit for habitation, exposure to pesticides without proper safety equipment, lack of access to toilets or drinking water while working and barriers to union representation.

Farm workers contribute millions to South Africa's economy, with products that are sold in Tesco and other British supermarkets, yet they are among the lowest wage earners in the country, the group's report says.

Daniel Bekele, HRW's Africa director, said: "The wealth and wellbeing these workers produce should not be rooted in human misery. The government and the industries and farmers themselves need to do a lot more to protect people who live and work on farms."

South Africa is the world's seventh-biggest wine producer, filling the equivalent of more than 1.2bn bottles a year. The industry, concentrated in Western Cape province, contributes 26.2bn rand (£2.2bn) to the regional economy, according to a 2009 study. Tourists from around the world enjoy tastings, cellar tours and weddings at vineyards amid glorious scenery between well-heeled towns such as Franschhoek and Stellenbosch.

South Africa has laws guaranteeing wages, benefits and safe working and housing for workers and other farm dwellers. But the government has largely failed to monitor conditions and enforce the law, HRW says.

Its 96-page report, Ripe with Abuse: Human Rights Conditions in South Africa's Fruit and Wine Industries, alleges: "Despite their critical role in the success of the country's valuable fruit, wine, and tourism industries, farm workers benefit very little, in large part because they are subject to exploitative conditions and human rights abuses without sufficient protection of their rights."

Housing for some workers is claimed to be uninhabitable. One farm worker showed researchers a former pig stall, without electricity, water or protection from the elements, where he has lived with his wife and children for 10 years. His wife said: "It makes me very unhappy because I can't guarantee safety of [my] children and can't provide for [them]."

Many workers live on farms with family members as part of their employment arrangement. Their land tenure rights are protected under legislation enacted in 1997. Yet, by civil society estimates, more than 930,000 people were evicted from South African farms between 1994 and 2004.

Interviewees described a steady pace of evictions, particularly when labourers were no longer able to work. Evicted workers who spoke to HRW said they had not been given suitable alternative housing or adequate compensation to find new housing.

Farmers sometimes resort to illegal tactics to force out farm dwellers, including cutting electricity or water. In one case, farm managers cut electricity for more than a year for a family with two children. Security guards on the farm harassed families in the middle of the night with dogs.

HRW also alleges that occupationalhealth and safety conditions on many farms endanger workers. The majority of the current and former farm workers interviewed said they had been exposed to pesticides without adequate safety equipment. In addition, many employers jeopardise workers' health by not providing them with legally required access to drinking water, hand-washing facilities or toilets.

Bekele said: "Given what we know about the effects of pesticide use, it is unconscionable that some of these workers are not provided with appropriate safety equipment, even after they ask for it."

South Africa's wine farms have a painful history. For centuries, workers were paid partly in alcohol in the so-called "dop" system, with pernicious health and social consequences. HRW found these payments had generally disappeared, although it did document two farms that provide wine as partial compensation.

One worker was quoted in the report as saying: "During the week, I am given wine in the afternoon, at 12pm, and at 6pm in the evening. I also get this on Saturdays. On Sundays, we get wine in the morning, afternoon and evening. In the morning, we get it before 7am, at 12pm, and we have to do Sunday prayer and then get more wine at 6.30pm. If you don't want the wine, then it's your choice. Everybody is drinking except the children and the guy driving the school bus."

Farm workers are some of the most poorly organised in the country, It is estimated the percentage of workers represented by trade unions in the Western Cape agricultural sector is just 3%, compared with 30% among those with formal employment nationally. HRW found some farmers try to prevent workers from forming unions in spite of South Africa's constitution and international law.

Bekele said: "The answer is not to boycott South African products, because that could be disastrous for farm workers. But we are asking retailers to press their suppliers to ensure that there are decent conditions on the farms that produce the products they buy and sell to their customers."

The report is based on more than 260 interviews with farm workers, farm owners, civil society members, industry representatives, government officials, lawyers, union officials and academic experts. It did not trace the supply chain for the products and does not identify farms in order to reduce the risk of retaliation against workers.

Representatives of the South African wine industry challenged the report's findings. Su Birch, chief executive of Wines of South Africa, said: "Most of the farm workers interviewed were identified by unions and NGOs, who have a vested interest in presenting the worst of cases. The report plays down the significance of the wine industry's substantial direct financial and indirect contribution to improving working conditions through Wieta [the Wine Industry Ethical Trade Association] and fair trade and empowerment schemes.

"The report makes only the scantiest reference to the many farm owners who comply with all legislation and go way beyond it. For every poor house on a farm, I can show you loads of good ones and some exceptional ones. Wine farmers are currently providing housing for over 200,000 workers, which represents an investment of billions of rands. Our industry is working hard to correct the wrongs of the past, and we accept that there is much work to be done. Even one case of abuse is one too many. But 'ripe with abuse'? I don't think so."

Vineyards have been passed down through generations of white owners. Workers are still invariably black or mixed race, although there are a growing number of black-owned cooperatives and labels.

Sikhula Sonke, a women-led union of farm workers, says its members now earn the minimum wage of 1,375 rand (£115.82) a month, although campaigners believe a living wage should begin at 4,000 rand a month. For years, they have urged Tesco to use its multi-billion pound profits to help improve workers' pay and conditions.

Haidee-Laure Giles, international programmes officer at the anti-poverty group War on Want, said: "Britain ranks among the biggest importers of South African fruit and wine.

"But retailers are maximising their profits at the expense of workers facing daily violations of their labour rights and from very basic to appalling living conditions. The UK government must establish a watchdog to prevent supermarkets benefiting from abuses against overseas workers."

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New York winery pushes 9/11 “memorial” wine

“Epic fail” were the kindest words celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain had for a line of “9/11 memorial commemorative” wines being peddled by a Long Island company ahead of the 10th anniversary of the terrorist attacks.

“Vomit inducing,” “grotesque, exploitative” were the only other family-friendly descriptives Mr. Bourdain had for the wine, which was reportedly briefly on the menu at Les Halles, a New York restaurant where he retains the title chef-at-large.

Despite widespread rage online, Lieb Family Cellars continues to sell its 9/11 Memorial Commemorative Merlot and 9/11 Memorial Commemorative Chardonnay, according to the website. These go for $19.11 (U.S.), while another cheaper vintage, the September Mission Merlot, is a bargain at $9.11.

From their website, the winemakers explain that “the concept emerged at harvest just days after the September 11 disaster.”

“That seems awfully fast,” came Eater’s retort. The Los Angeles Times went easier on the winery, pointing out that charity is involved: “It's a little precious, but all for a good cause,” writes Deborah Netburn.

Six to 10 per cent of the proceeds of the two more expensive wines will go to the National September 11 Memorial and Museum. General manager Gary Madden guesstimated that some $25,000 in sales from the cheaper vintage, rolled out in 2004, had already gone to a separate foundation, according to the Los Angeles Times.

“Your purchase of these wines raises money for these charities, so we encourage you to spread the word and share these guilt-free indulgences with your family and friends,” the winemakers explain on the website.

The Los Angeles Times reports that Lieb initially boasted that its grapes are grown just “90 miles from the site of the World Trade Center,” but this has since been deleted from the website.

In another unfortunate move, the winery promotes a Syrah dedicated to the vineyard’s late dog mascot directly below its line of 9/11 wines. (Twenty per cent of the proceeds are donated to the Animal Medical Center of New York.)

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Wine's trail of joy and gloom

Should winegrowers rip up their vines, or wait for the tide to turn? Greg Ninness asks the questions. This year's huge sauvignon blanc vintage is putting pressure on winemakers' profits – and widening a rift over how to restore the sector's financial health.

The industry is a house divided, with some arguing for increased production, while others want to see vines ripped out to limit supply. Whatever position they take on the issue, something most wine companies and vineyard owners will have in common is that their profits have been hammered by the international financial crisis, bumper vintages in 2008, 2009 and again this year, and the high New Zealand dollar.

Those effects are showing up in the accounts of both huge multinational wine companies and smaller niche players. Two months ago Pernod Ricard, this country's biggest wine company, released its accounts for the year to June 2010, and they weren't pretty reading.

Revenue declined 2.9 per cent to $337 million, while the cost of sales was up 11.6 per cent, reducing gross profit to $92.1m from $127.6m in 2009.

But that was more than wiped out by a $170m hit to its balance sheet as it wrote down the value of its Montana operations (since renamed Brancott), which helped push the company to a bottom line loss of $183.2m. The pain hasn't ended there.

Last December the company sold five Gisborne vineyards and 12 of its best known brands, including Lindauer, Corbans and Saints, incurring an $87.8m loss for this year's accounts.

By comparison with Pernod Ricard, NZAX-listed The New Zealand Wine Company (NZWC) is a market minnow (revenue for year to June 2010 $13m), but its accounts for the six months to December 2010 released at about the same time as Pernod-Ricard's, show it is facing similar pressures.

Revenue declined by 6.5 per cent compared with the same period in 2009, while higher costs and a substantial downward revaluation of assets pushed it to a loss of $1.1m for the half year.

In the directors' report accompanying those figures, NZWC chairman Alton Jamieson set out what he believes caused the company's trading difficulties and suggested a radical solution.

Large increases in the grape harvests in 2008 and 2009 had resulted in so much wine being produced, many wineries were forced to sell into the bulk wine market. That is wine destined for sale in casks under retailers' house brands. Such wine is nearly always sold at a much lower price. That in turn reduced the prices of wineries' own premium brands.

"The oversupply of wine has become a crisis business outcome for the New Zealand wine industry," Mr Jamieson said. "The sheer volume of bulk wine export sales has negatively impacted the net earnings and balance sheets of all New Zealand wine companies and grape growers," he wrote.

Looking ahead to this year's vintage, NZWC's directors endorsed a NZ Winegrowers report issued at the end of last year, which suggested a grape harvest of around 265,000 tonnes would "maintain progress with clearing the bulk wine surplus to match the demand for branded New Zealand wine".

But a harvest of 300,000 tonnes would lead to "a large ongoing bulk wine surplus that would take the industry backwards".

If the harvest came in at the upper end of those estimates, NZWC's directors recommended the industry look at funding options to start ripping out vines.

When the harvest was finally gathered, it exceeded even the worst-case expectations, coming in at 325,000 tonnes, with sauvignon blanc, the main export variety, up 29 per cent on last year.

The idea of pulling up vines to reduce supply and shore up prices is not new, but many oppose it.

It would be difficult to find someone with a more expansive view of this country's wine industry than Marlborough viticulturist Peter Yealands.

Originally a contract grape grower, his Yealands Estate is one of the largest vineyards in the country, with 700ha planted in sauvignon blanc, 100ha of pinot noir and 100ha of pinot gris.

In 2008, Mr Yealands made the switch from contract grower to winemaker, and now uses all of the grapes grown in his own vineyards plus some bought in, to produce wine in his own winery. This year he processed 14,500 tonnes and believes that could increase by another 2000 tonnes as his younger vines mature.

The move from contract grower to winemaker carried huge risks and Mr Yealands said that after his first vintage in 2008 he had nearly four million litres of wine in the winery and not one customer.

That situation did not last long and although his production doubled this year, all his wine is committed, he said.

Mr Yealands is now planning to expand and is looking at what he described as non-organic growth opportunities, suggesting acquisitions or partnerships.

He acknowledges prices have fallen, although he believes that has an upside. "Our average sale price has come down far too much, across the board," he said.

"Everyone's out for a bargain and nothing sells wine like a cheap price. But it's going into markets like Germany that have never been able to take it because it's been priced too high. So we've got this expansive growth for Marlborough sauvignon."

However, he said he was making money, in spite of the lower prices and the compounding effect of the high dollar. But he said many others will be doing it tough.

He said the average price paid to growers for sauvignon blanc grapes this year was around $1100 a tonne, but growers probably needed $1500 a tonne for sustainable production.

Many smaller wineries and vineyards were becoming uneconomic, he said. "There's a lot of consolidation going on in the industry. You need volume, so you can get economies of scale. Today you need to be a low-cost, high-quality producer."

Because there has been no significant new planting of sauvignon blanc vines in Marlborough since 2008, and export demand is continuing to grow, he believes by 2013, demand will once again start to outstrip supply.

"As supply plateaus and prices improve, people will start thinking about planting again, but it will take two to three years for that planting to come on. They could be the golden years," he says.

He also believes many small vineyards around 8ha might not survive long enough to see it. "A lot of them are becoming uneconomic and the trouble is, there's probably not a lot of appetite for the stronger ones to gobble them up. My hope is that the price will lift enough so that they have a bit more of a life, but ultimately, I don't think they have a great future," he said.

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High Country wineries form Boone Area Wine Trail

The mountains of northwestern North Carolina hope to become the Southeast's next hot destination for wine lovers. The Watauga Tourism Development Authority has helped develop the Boone Area Wine Trail to attract more visitors to the high country vineyards around Boone and Banner Elk. A former winemaking researcher at Appalachian State University, Richard Wolfe, says some high-level elevation locales are comparable with successful European viticulture climates.

The tourism authority's website includes an interactive map to steer visitors along a scenic route past the Grandfather Vineyard and Winery, the Banner Elk Winery and Inn and the 1861 Farmhouse Restaurant and Winery. The wineries are producing a variety of wines, including Chardonnay, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir.

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French wine consumption drops by three billion bottles

Researchers fear the culture of wine drinking is being lost in France, with younger generations less likely to savour a bottle over food and more prone to drink simply for pleasure. They are also less aware of its cultural significance to France. Just 16.5 per cent of the French population are now regular wine drinkers, according to research from the ESC Pau research centre and Toulouse 1 Capitole University/ Regular consumption over meals has been replaced by the French drinking wine occasionally rather than frequently, often on nights out. This has occurred within the last two generations, according to researchers Pascal Poutet and Thierry Lorey.

In a study in the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, the pair looked at successive generations and their approach to wine drinking, dividing the demographic into four groups.
The oldest was those over 65 years who had lived through the Second World War, followed by those between 40 and 65 who lived through a period of growth and worldwide development. Those 30 to 40 - “Generation X”, who grew up through the French crisis of the 1990s, were next, followed by those under 30 - the internet generation. “Each successive generation represents a general increase in libertarian attitudes and irreverence towards institutions”, says Dr Poutet.

While all agreed on the value and ’bon homie’ of drinking wine, it was the over 65s who most linked it with French heritage and were more likely to drink it daily and share the experience. The middle groups are much more occasional drinkers and drink more socially with friends rather than family, and social status is a factor in their wine consumption. But for the under-30s, wine consumption is very much the exception rather than the rule.

Dr Poutet said: “There is a dual gap between the three generations, older, middle-aged, younger - on the one hand, the consumption frequency gap (from a daily wine consumption to a festive one, and then exceptional), on the other, the pleasure gap (evolution from a genuine pleasure towards a more ostentatious pleasure, more difficult to perceive for the younger generation).”The younger generations may still take pride in French wine but have little awareness of its cultural place in French history, he said.

He explained: “The generational analysis of the representations of wine in France does seem to be appropriate to explain the deep changes that wine has undergone in the last 60 years. “It is precisely the progressive loss of the identity, sacred and imaginary representations of wine (nation, region, lesser importance of the transmission of the culture of wine by the father within the family, etc) over three generations that explains France’s global consumption attitudes, and especially the steep decline in the volumes of wine consumed.”

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Wineries leverage technology to reach consumers

The digital revolution is spreading across the wine world — whether the industry is ready or not. More than 450 wine-related applications are now available on the iPhone and other mobile devices — more than six times the number that existed only 18 months ago, according to a recent survey.

Last year, people on Facebook, Twitter and other social media had 14 million online conversations about wine, providing recommendations, reviewing vintages and suggesting the best wineries to visit, said Paul Mabray, chief strategy officer for VinTank, a Napa consulting firm.

Social media and mobile technology, which have garnered widespread coverage for playing a key role in the Arab uprisings, are now quietly usurping the wine industry’s traditional marketing powers and fueling a revolt among the hordes of casual wine drinkers.

“As an industry, we can no longer ignore digital,” Mabray said. “We now live in a Google economy.”Mabray and others are pushing wineries to develop strategies that incorporate the widening arsenal of digital tools such as social media, data management and company-wide integration of workflow technology.

Some wine executives, such as John Jordan at Jordan Vineyard & Winery in Healdsburg, are already more than two years into implementing their digital strategies. “It’s a constantly evolving, messy thing,” said Jordan, the winery’s chief executive officer. “But technology makes it possible for a company to really become customer centric.”

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Oregon wine grape crop growth comes late with cool spring weather

Winemakers around the state are coping with another late growing season as persistently cool spring weather delays the growth of the grape crop, The Oregonian reported.

Oregon's $1.4 billion wine industry has grown to more than 400 commercial wineries where managers try to balance the effects of weather that can range from cool and wet to hot and dry in short order.

At Seven of Hearts winery in Carlton, owner Byron Dooley said the cool early spring has set him back about two weeks from where he would like to be. If he's jittery, it's because the conditions are reminiscent of last year, when only an extended burst of sun at harvest in early October saved a wholesale washout.

"I always remind myself that it's not what happens in June but what happens in October that's most crucial," Dooley said. "But 2010 was the most white-knuckled vintage I've been through. I would love not to have to do that all again."

A late start to the growing season makes it difficult to ever fully catch up. And when it does heat up under summer sunshine, unseasonable heat spikes can flood grapes with too much sugar, resulting in flabby, unbalanced wines.

If the harvest is delayed too long, autumn rains can threaten a crop that needs a long hanging time on the vine to develop the right mix of acids and sugars. The timing is always tricky, but key to any successful harvest, winemakers say.

"In my mind, wines from later vintages are always better than wines from earlier vintages," said Sam Tannahill, Oregon Wine Board chairman and a partner in Rex Hill Vineyards and A to Z Wineworks in Newberg. "Later vintages, of course, require longer hang time, which then introduces rain into the equation."

A couple of days of sunshine that recently broke through the otherwise gray days of the waning spring sparked activity at many vineyards. "We're seeing two to three inches growth on warm days right now," said Harry Peterson-Nedry, founder and winemaker at Chehalem winery in Newberg. "It's pretty stunning to watch."

Winemakers and vineyard managers around the state say they are feeling more optimistic than they were a few weeks ago. "We were saying, we're really late," said Mark Wisnovsky, an owner of Valley View Winery in Jacksonville. "Now, we're just late."

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Bordeaux hoofs it into Asia

AT CHATEAU Latour in Pauillac, horses plough the vineyards just as they did in the 14th century, when vines were first grown on the estate. But this is a recent return to tradition at Latour, one of the five renowned ''Premier Grand Crus'' of Bordeaux, and it's based on sound commercial considerations rather than sentimentality.

Fine-wine prices have surged because of an explosion of interest from China and other Asian countries in recent years. Unable to increase production - land is limited and there can be only one harvest a year - Bordeaux's leading producers focus relentlessly on quality. The reintroduction of horses is part of that drive for quality - they plough with more precision than tractors and do far less damage to the soil and vines, some of which are 100 years old.

Prices plummeted in the wake of the Lehman Brothers collapse in 2008 but the setback was short-lived. Last year, top-end bordeaux outperformed not just equities, but gold and crude oil, too, according to Liv-ex, which tracks the prices of the top-five Bordeaux chateaus. Its Fine Wine 50 Index rose by 57 per cent last year, far outstripping gold (up 35 per cent), crude oil (20 per cent) and the FTSE 100 (11 per cent).

China last year overtook Britain and Germany to become the leading export market by value for Bordeaux wines. And the Chinese are not just buying bordeaux by the bottle and case but by the vineyard, too - earlier this year, Cofco, the huge Chinese state-owned conglomerate and owner of the Great Wall wine brand, bought a 20-hectare estate, Chateau de Viaud. It is unlikely to be the last such deal. Last month, a single bottle of 1961 Chateau Latour sold to a Chinese buyer for £135,000 ($A208,113) at auction in Hong Kong, more than three times the expected price.

Robert Parker, the world's most influential wine critic, has warned of a speculative bubble in bordeaux prices and that the region, which he has done much to promote, is in danger of pricing itself out of the European market as it chases wealthy Asian buyers. Not everyone agrees: ''There is no bordeaux bubble,'' says Sam Gleave of Bordeaux Index. ''People are drinking as much as ever.''

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Calif. wine grape growers suffer a sobering spring

Wild spring weather across California's wine country has been enough to drive a vintner to drink. From killer snow in the Sierra Nevada foothills to dry-season downpours along the coast to a hard freeze in temperate Paso Robles, 2011 is proving a challenging vintage.

"That's what makes this business so damned interesting," said Jim Fiolek, executive director of the Santa Barbara County Vintners' Association. It also can keep winemakers up at night. Jason Haas, general manager of Tablas Creek Vineyard near Paso Robles, said winemaker Neil Collins has experienced many sleepless nights this spring. "These people who envy the winemaker's lifestyle should drive around here with Neil at 3 a.m. when he knows it's freezing and there's nothing he can do about it," Haas said.

Vintners have long joked that the weather is just like last year — different. But people expect to find constants in the nation's premiere grape-growing state. Rain is expected to taper in April and end by May, then not return until November. In those months, balmy temperatures awaken dormant vines from their winter slumber and buds start to break. This year there has been frost and record rain in June. Sustained temperatures over 70 didn't hit until this week in most wine regions.

Now just days before the official start of summer it looks like early spring across California wine country. Buds are just emerging and the fruit is forming far behind schedule. "This weather is causing all kinds of problems, but it's not the first time and not the last," Fiolek said. "Other products have a more ephemeral lifetime, but ours goes on and on and tells the story of the weather pattern."

While rain is good for some crops, late precipitation is not for California's $18.5 billion wine industry. Regulating water controls the intensity of grape flavors — and too much causes mildew. The most recent deluge Sunday and Monday across Napa and Sonoma forced crews back into some fields, where they hope that removing select leaves will fight mildew by increasing airflow. It's snow, not rain, that caused problems in mountainous El Dorado County, where leafing vineyards have been hit by the same spring snow storms that have some ski resorts dreaming of remaining open through July 4. "There's nothing we can do about it, and we don't even know the outcome yet," said Josh Bendick, winemaker at Holly's Hill in the Sierra-Nevada foothills, where 4 inches accumulated May 15 on 6-inch shoots of viognier, an early blooming white wine-grape.

At Tablas Creek this week, Haas checked vines on the rolling 105-acres, where organically grown grapes are used to produce the critically acclaimed Rhone blends. Two all-night freezes in early April, which followed a warm March, wiped out the winery's entire crop of grenache, grenache blanc, viognier and marssane. They're key ingredients in the company's wine blends and 35 percent of its acreage.
"Of the blocks that were out (leafing) we had 100 percent damage," said Haas, adding that only the neighbors with overhead sprinkling systems were spared. Grapes are resilient plants that produce the best-tasting fruit while stressed. They can recover and push new shoots after a freeze, as Tablas Creek and others now are seeing.

But vineyards are tediously pruned each winter to place canes for optimal bunch growth. Now the new shoots are sprouting randomly like unwanted facial hair — in places Haas wishes they weren't.
"It's just weird," Haas said. The cooler weather has left plant development a month behind schedule in some regions, saving some plants but creating the prospect of harvests in late October and early November, even early ripening pinot noir.

Now growers are hoping for a warm fall. "Pinot in November? That's just plain crazy," said winemaker Mike Waller at Calera Wine Company in Hollister. A late harvest could mean chaos at wineries that stagger production by planting both early varieties such as chardonnay and late-ripening varieties such as cabernets. This year Haas expects to harvest all 11 varieties nearly simultaneously, which will strain crews and equipment.

While quantities of some wines might be lower in 2011 — a 2001 freeze cut Tablas Creek production by half to 5,500 cases — quality shouldn't be affected anywhere in the state. "We deal with something every year," said Paul Goldberg of Bettinelli Vineyards in Napa, where last year's challenge was the European grapevine moth. "With good weather on the horizon we're hopeful this will be a good vintage."

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Vineyard sale boosts Brown-Forman 4Q earnings

Brown-Forman Corp.'s fourth-quarter profit spiked from the sale of its California-based Fetzer Vineyards, capping a year that showed strong growth for its flagship Jack Daniel's brand and el Jimador tequila.
The company, whose brands include Southern Comfort and Finlandia vodka, on Thursday reported a 26-cent-per-share gain from the sale of Fetzer to Chilean wine producer Vina Concha y Toro S.A. The $238 million deal closed in April.

Brown-Forman, based in Louisville, Ky., also reported strong yearlong sales for its super-premium brands. For the three months ended April 30, the company reported net income of $165.4 million, or $1.13 per share. That's up from $72.7 million, or 49 cents per share, from a year ago. Excluding gains from the Fetzer sale along with certain one-time tax benefits, the company said its earnings were 80 cents per share.

Revenue rose 8 percent to $791.3 million. Analysts expected earnings of 64 cents a share on revenue of $757 million. The earnings estimates exclude one-time items. For the full year, Brown-Forman reported net income of $571.6 million, or $3.90 per share. That compares with $449.2 million, or $3.02 per share, the year before. Revenue for the year rose 6 percent to $3.4 billion. Excluding the Fetzer sale and tax benefits, the company reported earnings per share of $3.57 for the year, up 18 percent. The company said it expects the Fetzer sale to reduce its earnings by 16 cents per share in the coming year. "I expect us, starting with this fiscal year, to start to recoup some of that lost profitability and then in future years to surpass it," Brown-Forman CEO Paul Varga said in a conference call with industry analysts.

Analysts expected earnings of 64 cents a share on revenue of $757 million. The earnings estimates exclude one-time items. For the full year, Brown-Forman reported net income of $571.6 million, or $3.90 per share. That compares with $449.2 million, or $3.02 per share, the year before. Revenue for the year rose 6 percent to $3.4 billion. Excluding the Fetzer sale and tax benefits, the company reported earnings per share of $3.57 for the year, up 18 percent. The company said it expects the Fetzer sale to reduce its earnings by 16 cents per share in the coming year. "I expect us, starting with this fiscal year, to start to recoup some of that lost profitability and then in future years to surpass it," Brown-Forman CEO Paul Varga said in a conference call with industry analysts.

Brown-Forman said it hopes to build on sales momentum from the last half of the just-ended fiscal year.
The company said it expects strong international growth in the coming year and a better performance in the U.S., where the recession made consumers less inclined to venture out to drink at bars and restaurants. Leading international markets included Australia, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Turkey, Germany and France, Brown-Forman said.

Brown-Forman Chief Financial Officer Don Berg predicted a "slightly improved pricing environment" in the coming year but said the company also will absorb higher costs, including for grain. "We will continue to seek opportunities to increase prices when and where appropriate," he said. The company also is looking to recent brand and packaging introductions to fuel continued growth. Such brand extensions as Jack Daniel's Tennessee Honey, Chambord Vodka and Southern Comfort Lime contributed to sales growth, it said.

The company rolled out new packaging for Southern Comfort, Herradura and Chambord in the past year and recently announced packaging changes for Jack Daniel's Tennessee Whiskey and Finlandia.
The company predicted it will earn between $3.45 and $3.85 per share in the coming year. The company said it expects underlying operating income growth in the mid- to high-single digits in the next year.
Brown-Forman said its Jack Daniel's brands had an 8 percent gain in revenue for the year, on a constant currency basis.

"The broad-based performance of the Jack Daniel's trademark drove the company, most notably in the second half of the year," Varga said. The company's el Jimador products posted a 9 percent gain. Its super-premium brands, which include Chambord, Herradura, Sonoma-Cutrer and Woodford Reserve, had a 13 percent upswing in revenue for the year.

Meanwhile, the company's Finlandia products had a 2 percent revenue drop for the year, while Southern Comfort had a 3 percent drop. Canadian Mist revenue fell 8 percent, while revenue for Korbel Champagne were flat. The company's Class B shares rose $1.40, or 2 percent, to close Thursday at $71.75.

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Qantas launches 'members only' epiQure wine and food club

In an attempt to woo well-heeled travellers, and certainly keep them away from the newly-competitive Virgin Australia, Qantas is launching a $99-per year wine and food club as an add-on to its existing Frequent Flyer program.

Upon joining, members will receive a "welcome gift" from Qantas worth $130 (seems a fairly safe bet that it will be quaffable), and access to the epiQure website. The membership is also available for 13,000 points. Qantas promises the community will allow members to "discover the Qantas cellar’s diverse collection of wine, dine with globally renowned chefs and be part of a community with a shared appreciation of the finer things in life."Qantas CEO Alan Joyce and Neil Perry will host the first epiQure showcase event at Rockpool Bar and Grill in Sydney and Melbourne in July.

Members will earn three points per dollar on purchases of wine and event tickets, and 2,000 bonus points after members buy their first case of wine through Qantas. Delivery of wine is also free to the end of 2012.
There's also the ability to earn four points per dollar at 250 Qantas Frequent Flyer partner restaurants.
Qantas says the epiQure website (which is currently password protected) is designed to "form the centre of a passionate community bringing together wine and food lovers, winemakers, producers, chefs, and industry experts to share knowledge and experiences.""Members will get the first serve of up-and-coming chefs at the top of their game, get the inside scoop on new restaurants and have access to celebrity recipes."

If any other organisation were attempting a paywalled community website, they'd face an uphill battle in getting a critical mass of people enlisted and interacting with each other, but Qantas does already have a memberbase of 7.8 million travellers to mine. Qantas says it has recently launched a “Sommeliers in the Sky” training program for staff to educate cabin crew and lounge staff about the wines they serve.

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Madoff's wine fetches $41,530 for Ponzi victims

Every little drop helps. The eclectic wine and spirits collection belonging to imprisoned Ponzi schemer Bernard Madoff fetched $41,530 at an online auction held on Wednesday.

All 59 lots, ranging from fine Bordeaux to the types of small bottles often found in hotel minibars, found buyers, with 54 selling above the highest estimated pre-auction price. The winning bids exceeded the roughly $15,000 to $21,000 the auction run by Morrell & Co Fine Wine Auctions in New York had been expected to raise.

"Proceeds from this auction are going towards compensating Madoff's victims, so we couldn't be happier with the results," auction director Kimberly Janis said in a statement. As expected, the top lot was a case of 1996 Chateau Mouton-Rothschild, a Bordeaux, which went for $6,800. It had been expected to go for $3,200 to $3,800.

A case of Veuve Clicquot, yellow label brut, also fared well. It sold for $1,500, above its $240 to $350 pre-auction estimate and roughly triple what it might cost at retail. Meanwhile, a lot of 2-ounce bottles of Bombay Dry Gin, Grand Marnier and Smirnoff Vodka commanded a $300 winning bid, well above the expected $10 to $20.

Storage conditions of the lots is not known. Madoff's wines were seized by the U.S. Marshals Service, which often auctions seized property to benefit crime victims.

An auction last November of Madoff's furniture, monogrammed clothing and other personal effects raised about $2 million. Madoff, 73, is serving a 150-year sentence in a North Carolina federal prison. (Reporting by Jonathan Stempel in New York; editing by Andre Grenon)

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Wine served at royal wedding bags top prize

A wine served at the wedding of Prince William and Catherine has won the gold medal at the International Wine Challenge. The royal couple selected the Rose Brut wine from Chapel Down vineyard in Tenterden, Kent, for their wedding April 29. The drink costs 24.99 pounds per bottle, the Daily Express reported.

Frazer Thompson, chief executive at the vineyard, said: "We are very proud. It makes all the hard work worthwhile. Demand has never been higher and this accolade reinforces the quality of the wine that the team is producing."

"The award will also enhance our export business, especially in the US."The wine won in the ­"sparkling rose" category. The contest was judged by 400 leading wine tasters, with points being awarded for variety, country, region and vintage.

Andrew Parley, the head winemaker, described the wine as a classic that "offers ripe berry and rhubarb ­flavours, and a nose of strawberry and raspberry with a splash of creaminess". Chapel Down is Britain's largest producer of wines, with 500,000 bottles each year.

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Many Americans ill-informed about Red Wine, Sea Salt: Survey

Most Americans have heard that red wine has health benefits, but many don't understand the need to limit consumption, finds an American Heart Association survey. The majority of respondents also mistakenly believe that sea salt is a low-sodium alternative to table salt, the survey found. The poll was conducted to assess awareness about how wine and sodium affect heart health.

Of the 1,000 adults polled, 76 percent agreed with the statement that wine can be good for your heart, but only 30 percent knew the AHA's recommended limits for daily wine consumption.

Consumption of any type of alcohol should be limited to no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women. In general, that's about eight ounces of wine for men and four ounces of wine for women.

Drinking too much of any type of alcohol can increase blood pressure and lead to heart failure, stroke, irregular heartbeat, cancer and obesity.

"This survey shows that we need to do a better job of educating people about the heart-health risks of overconsumption of wine, especially its possible role in increasing blood pressure," AHA spokesman Dr. Gerald Fletcher, professor of medicine - cardiovascular diseases at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Fla., said in an AHA news release.

The survey results, released Monday, also indicate that most respondents don't know the primary source of sodium in their diets and are confused about low-sodium food choices. Consuming too much sodium can increase blood pressure and boost the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Forty-six percent of respondents incorrectly said table salt is the primary source of sodium in American diets. In fact, processed foods such as soups, canned foods, prepared mixes, condiments and tomato sauce account for up to 75 percent of sodium consumption in the United States.

Sixty-one percent of respondents believe that sea salt is a low-sodium alternative to table salt. But sea salt and Kosher salt are chemically the same as table salt (40 percent sodium).

People should consume no more than 1,500 milligrams of sodium per day, the AHA says. In order to limit sodium intake, read nutrition and ingredient labels on prepared and packaged foods, experts advise.

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Wine for mommy sets off trademark fight

Rival wine sellers targeting overworked mothers are fighting over use of the word "Mommy" on their wine labels, according to a lawsuit filed in San Francisco federal court.

In the suit, filed on Monday, California-based winery Clos Lachance Wines asked the court to declare that its "Mommyjuice" does not violate the trademark of "Mommy's Time Out," which is marketed by a New Jersey distributor.

"Mommy is a generic ord that they don't have a monopoly on," said KC Branch, an attorney who represents Clos Lachance. The owner of "Mommy's Time Out" declined to comment on the lawsuit. To succeed in a trademark violation case, a brand owner must show it is likely that a rival's mark will create confusion in the minds of consumers.

The front label of Mommyjuice features a drawing of a woman juggling a house, teddy bear and computer. The back label advises moms to "tuck your kids into bed, sit down and have a glass of Mommyjuice. Because you deserve it." The wine is available in a white Chardonnay and a red mixed blend.

The front label of "Mommy's Time Out," an Italian wine sold in red and white, shows an empty chair facing a corner. A wine bottle and glass sit on a table next to the chair. Trademark conflicts between winemakers are relatively common, said Richard Mendelson, a California vintner who teaches a course on wine law at Boalt Hall School of Law in Berkeley.

"For a wine coming out to market, it's hard to find a name that's not in use," he said. Mendelson also noted that wines with "fanciful" names have proliferated as marketers try to reach new categories of customers. In recent years, vintners have launched wines like "Fat bastard," "Cleavage Creek" and a red wine featuring a rooster called "Big Red Pecker."

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Woolies takeover could lead to hangover for drinkers

One competition expert says the decision allows Woolworths to concentrate its power and produce its own home brand wine leading to a bad mix for consumers. Only last week Woolworths announced the liquor arm of its business, which includes the Dan Murphy's and BWS chains, helped boost its $13 billion quarterly sales total.

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission's acting chairman Michael Schaper was unavailable for interview but the ACCC released a statement on its reasons behind the decision. "The proposed acquisition would be unlikely to substantially lessen competition given the presence of several significant competitors in wine retailing, production and associated services," it said. "Woolworths and Cellarmasters are both retailers of wine but with minimal overlap in their retail channels.

"Woolworths has an extensive network of bricks-and-mortar liquor retail stores but negligible existing online liquor sales. "Cellarmasters operates an online and direct wine sales business, with no bricks and mortar retail operations."

Competition and fair trade law expert Associate Professor Frank Zumbo from the University of New South Wales says today's decision is disappointing because it will adversely affect consumers over time. "[This is] for the simple reason that it will allow Woolworths to vertically integrate," he said.

"It will allow Woolworths to extend its market power through the wine supply chain. "It will lead to increased concentration in the liquor market, and we see that when there is increased concentration there are fewer players and prices go up."Professor Zumbo says it allows Woolworths to have not only retail shops and an online presence but also the ability to produce its own branded wine. "Clearly the strategy is for Woolworths to increase its presence in home brand wines," he said.

"All this together spells danger for competition and consumers. "The concern with Woolworths increasing its share of the home brand market is that it will reduce product choice for consumers over time. "We've seen it on the supermarket shelves - as the home brand products have increased their presence in supermarket shelves - the branded products are pushed off the shelf and we will see that also in the liquor market with home brand wine pushing branded wine off the market.

"Over time that will reduce product choice for consumers and the real danger is that prices will go up as that competition from branded wines falls."The ACCC's public competition assessment has not yet been released. A spokeswoman for the watchdog says it will be issued in due course.

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Cheap wine 'good as pricier bottles' - blind taste test

The blind test at the Edinburgh Science Festival saw 578 members of the public correctly identify the "cheap" or "expensive" wines only 50% of the time. They tasted a range of red and white wines including merlot and chardonnay. University of Hertfordshire researchers say their findings indicate many people may just be paying for a label.

Two champagnes costing £17.61 and £29.99 were compared, alongside the bottles costing less than £5 and vintages priced between £10 and £30. The other varieties tasted were shiraz, rioja, claret, pinot grigio and sauvignon blanc. The participants were asked to say which they thought were cheap and which were expensive.

By the laws of chance, they should have been able to make a correct guess 50% of the time - and that was the exact level of accuracy seen. The findings demonstrate the volunteers cannot distinguish between wines by taste alone, the organisers of the test say.

Lead researcher psychologist Professor Richard Wiseman said: "These are remarkable results. People were unable to tell expensive from inexpensive wines, and so in these times of financial hardship the message is clear - the inexpensive wines we tested tasted the same as their expensive counterparts."

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